What it is:Java
is a class-based, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun
Microsystems in the 1990s. It's one of the most in-demand programming
languages, a standard for enterprise software, web-based content, games
and mobile apps, as well as the Android
operating system. Java is designed to work across multiple software
platforms, meaning a program written on Mac OS X, for example, could
also run on Windows. Where to learn it:Udemy, Lynda.com, Oracle.com, LearnJavaOnline.org.
What it is:
A general-purpose, imperative programming language developed in the
early '70s, C is the oldest and most widely used language, providing the
building blocks for other popular languages, such as C#, Java,
JavaScript and Python. C is mostly used for implementing operating
systems and embedded applications.
Because it provides the foundation for many other languages, it is advisable to learn C (and C++) before moving on to others. Where to learn it:Learn-C, Introduction To Programming, Lynda.com, CProgramming.com, Learn C The Hard Way.
What it is:C++
is an intermediate-level language with object-oriented programming
features, originally designed to enhance the C language. C++ powers
major software like Firefox, Winamp
and Adobe programs. It's used to develop systems software, application
software, high-performance server and client applications and video
games. Where to learn it:Udemy, Lynda.com, CPlusPlus.com, LearnCpp.com, CProgramming.com.
What it is: Pronounced "C-sharp," C# is a multi-paradigm language developed by Microsoft
as part of its .NET initiative. Combining principles from C and C++, C#
is a general-purpose language used to develop software for Microsoft
and Windows platforms. Where to learn it:Udemy, Lynda.com, Microsoft Virtual Academy, TutorialsPoint.com.
What it is: Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language used by the Apple operating system. It powers Apple's OS X and iOS, as well as its APIs, and can be used to create iPhone apps, which has generated a huge demand for this once-outmoded programming language. Where to learn it:Udemy, Lynda.com, Mac Developer Library, Cocoa Dev Central, Mobile Tuts+.
What it is:
PHP (Hypertext Processor) is a free, server-side scripting language
designed for dynamic websites and app development. It can be directly
embedded into an HTML
source document rather than an external file, which has made it a
popular programming language for web developers. PHP powers more than
200 million websites, including Wordpress, Digg and Facebook. Where to learn it:Udemy, Codecademy, Lynda.com, Treehouse, Zend Developer Zone, PHP.net.
What it is:Python
is a high-level, server-side scripting language for websites and mobile
apps. It's considered a fairly easy language for beginners due to its
readability and compact syntax, meaning developers can use fewer lines
of code to express a concept than they would in other languages. It
powers the web apps for Instagram, Pinterest and Rdio through its associated web framework, Django, and is used by Google, Yahoo! and NASA. Where to learn it:Udemy, Codecademy, Lynda.com, LearnPython.org, Python.org.
What it is: A dynamic, object-oriented scripting language for developing websites and mobile apps, Ruby was designed to be simple and easy to write. It powers the Ruby on Rails (or Rails) framework, which is used on Scribd, GitHub, Groupon and Shopify. Like Python, Ruby is considered a fairly user-friendly language for beginners. Where to learn it:Codecademy, Code School, TryRuby.org, RubyMonk.
What it is: JavaScript is a client and server-side scripting language developed by Netscape
that derives much of its syntax from C. It can be used across multiple
web browsers and is considered essential for developing interactive or
animated web functions. It is also used in game development and writing
desktop applications. JavaScript interpreters are embedded in Google's Chrome extensions, Apple's Safari extensions, Adobe Acrobat and Reader, and Adobe's Creative Suite. Where to learn it:Codecademy, Lynda.com, Code School, Treehouse, Learn-JS.org.
What it is:
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a special-purpose language for
managing data in relational database management systems. It is most
commonly used for its "Query" function, which searches informational
databases. SQL was standardized by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in the 1980s. Where to learn it:Lynda.com, SQLCourse.com, TutorialsPoint.com, SQLZoo.net.
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